Shakespeare is one of the most often performed authors in Poland. He was “discerned” already in the 18th century by King Stanislaw Augustus who ordered to place his monument into the theatre of his palace at Lazienki. In the epoch of the great theatrical reform Stanislas Wyspiaňski prepared the staging of Hamlet, yet in writing only. The great stage designers of the period between the two wars: Drabik, Frycz, Pronaszko, Daszewski realized numerous plays of the great Elizabethan, impressing upon them their individualities and artistic currents of their times: expressionism, cubism, neorealism. After World War II the performances of tragedies and comedies by Shakespeare have become yet more numerous. Any stage designer has realized several of them. At the Prague Quadrennial 1971 we are presentig forty Polish scemographers, authors of stage and costume designs, in order to give a panorama of the various artistic conceptions. An impressive number of Shakespearean plays has been brought into effect by Zofia Wierchowicz who, through Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night (1955—1962), has searched a solution not merely for this or that play but for the whole Shakespeare, for Shakespeare's world. Othello, Richard III, Hamlet, Henry IV (1966—1970) were performed within the same disposition, differently adapted, and in costumes having been designed in accordance with the same principle. Inasmuch as the basis of this scenic disposition is alike the one of the Elizabethan Globe or Swan, and the same applies to the costumes — the general characters of the dramatic personae, the artistic currents of our times are, after all, „legible" within the scope of Wierchowicz' scenic designs: in her technique, composition, colour, synthesis of form, dramatic expression, in her will to present the great Shakespearean problems as problems of present-day interest. Shakespeare has also been instrumental in the artistic life of Jadwiga Poźakowska, the costume designer of the Gdansk Theatre. In seeking each time a new form, she has realized eight Shakespearean plays. Her costume designs of 1963 to Henry IV mean a decisive turn within the scope of the Shakespearean scenography; instead of a neorealist aesthetic graphicness, she proposes a new naturalism: by means of a diversity in the composition of materials and by the wear and tear of costumes.
- Marcin Wenzel
Specialization: journalist
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- Stanislaw Wyspiański
Additional information: Famed painter, poet, dramatist, stage director, stage designer. (1869-1907)
The culminating point of the artistic activity of Stanislaw Wyspiaňski (1863-1907) occured between 1901 and 1905. As a pioneer of European theatre, he stripped theatre to show an empty, bare stage in the prologue of Liberation (1903). He also showed the wings of the theatre. During rehearsals, he suggested the use of flats from act one to be reversed towards the audience during act two. As a dramatist, painter and a stage manager, he introduced a new kind of spectacle - the theatre of staging - not common before the twenties. Inspired by rose bushes wrapped in straw in Cracow's planty, he painted Mulches (1898) and - long before Craig's "Supermarionette", he introduced one of them onto the stage in The Wedding (1901). The other character in the drama was Staňczyk - inspired from the picture by Jan Matějko. He was fascinated by Royal Cracow and its history and from the typical Cracow phenomenon of the conventional Cracow nativity crib, he derived the staging idea of The Wedding. It should be noted that he designed shows rather than writing dramas. The staging design for The Legend (1904), built from wooden beams, has a monumental effect - manifesting the new pattern of thinking about space and costume.
- Otto Axer
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- Zbigniew Bednarowicz
Additional information: Born in 1927. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Poznan, where he graduated in 1951. He is now a painter and stage designer. Since 1951 he has been working for the Teatr Polski. in Poznan. He has received four prizes at annual theatre festivals held in Kalisz for his designs of productions of The Man in the Prompt-Box by T. Rittner, C.K. Norwid´ s The Ring of Noble Lady; J. Kasprowicz´ s Marcholt and E. Bryll´ s Regarding November. Among his other important stage designs the following should be mentioned: B. Brecht' s The Good Woman of Setzuan, 0. V. Horvath' s The Stranger from the Seine, Shakespeare' s Macbeth and J. Abramov' s Palace Derby. He has also designed several audio- visual / son et lumière/ performances, among others at the Town Hall and Citadel in Poznan.
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- Wladyslaw Daszewski
Additional information: Born in 1902. Painter and designer. In 1924 he graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts where he was appointed professor of scenografy. He was a collaborator of L. Schiller and is considered to be the founder and creator of Polish neorealism (1930). He stages mainly comedies. He was awarded the Grand Prix of the International Exhibition in Paris in 1937, the Prize of the Ministry of Arts and Culture, the First Prize of the Shakespeare Festival, the National Prize. He has done his best stage designs for the following plays: A. Nowaczynski's War to War (1927) (his first staging), W. Shakespeare's Measure for Measure (1933), A Midsummer Nighťs Dream (1936) and The Tempest (1947), Comeille's Cid (1936), Roja's Celestine (1947), Slowacki's Kordian (1956), S. Becketťs Waiting for Godot (1957), The Deliverance by S. Wyspiaňski (1957).
- Aleksander Jedrzejewski
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- Tadeusz Kantor
Additional information: Tadeusz Kantor (1915-1990) began his „Theatre of the Reality of the Lowest Rank" with the production of The Return of Odysseus by Wyspiaňski (1944). With this revelation of the poor theatre, the artist would return with his own theatre CRICOT 2 - and beginning with The Dead Class (1975) to the latest production Iťs My Birthday Today (1990), he joined the greatest creators of the worlďs theatre.
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- Jan Kosiński
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- Andrzej Majewski
* 1936, Warsaw
Specialization: director, set designer, costume designer, painter
Additional information: He is leading stage designer at the Teatr Wielki - National Opera in Warsaw. Dean of the Faculty of Stage design at Cracow's Academy of Fine Arts. He received the Gold Medal for stage design at the Triennial of stage and costume design in Novi Sad in 1966 and the Gold Medal for costume design at the PQ in 1967. He participated in PQ 1967, 1971 and in 1991.
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Exhibiting works
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Williame Shakespeare: (Troilus and Cressida ),
Teatr Polski
2010
- Jadwiga Poźakowska
Additional information: She was awarded a prize of the cultural monthly Litery of Gdaňsk for the ensemble of décors to Shakespeare.
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- Teresa Roszkowska
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- Wojciech Síecíńskí
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- Zenobiusz Strzelecki
Additional information: Born in 1915; stage designer, theoretician and historian in the field of stage design. Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts and the Institute of Theatre Art in Warsaw. He has designed about 160 stage sets. He is the foremost of Dejmek's collaborators; he has created the stage sets for religious mystery plays. For his work he was awarded the Festival of Drama Prize in the Soviet Union and the Ministry of Art and Culture Prize. He is a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. His best works include the scenes for Rej's Life of Joseph, Agamemnon by Aeschylus, Electra by Euripides, The Frogs by Aristophanes. He is the author of a two volume work Polska Plastyka Teatralna and a permanent contributor to the magazines Project, Teatr and Dialog.
- Józef Szajna
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- Zofia Wierchowicz
Additional information: Completed studies at the College of Fine Arts in Warsaw in 1954. She has been collaborating with a number of theatres, and has designed stage sets to 100 drama performances, to twelve operas and ballets and costumes to 3 colour films. Her most important works are the scenic designs to War and Peace (Arnheim 1962), to Tannhäuser (Poznaň 1967), to the Pique Dáme (Poznaň 1967, Oslo 1969), to Tristan and Isolde (Poznaň 1969), to The Idiot (Warsaw 1968), to Crime and Punishnent (Poznaň 1969), to Romeo and Juliet (Warsaw Opera 1970), to The Lower Depths (Warsaw 1970) and to numerous plays by Shakespeare being presented at this exhibition. She has been awarded five times a prize at the Festival of Toruň and the First Prize for costume designs at the International Exhibition of Scenography in Novi Sad in 1969.
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Exhibiting works
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Williame Shakespeare: (Hamlet),
Teatr im. W. Horzyczy
1970
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: (Henry IV.),
Teatr Polski
1969
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Williame Shakespeare: (Othello),
Teatr Polski
1967
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Williame Shakespeare: (Richard III.),
Teatr Polski
1968
- Lidia
Jerzy Skarzynska
Skarzynski
Additional information: Both studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, at the Polytechnic
and the Film Institute. They made their debut in 1948
at the Groteska Puppet Theatre. They work mainly with the Stary
Teatr in Cracow and with several theatres abroad. At present
they also teach stage and film design at the Academy of Fine
Arts in Cracow. Their most significant work in recent years in -
cludes the sets and costumes for Marlowe' s Dr Faustus, Strindberg' s
Miss Julie, Becketť s Waiting for Godot, Verdi' s The
Masqued Ball and Mozart' s La Clemenza di Tito. Jerzy Skarzynski
is also a painter, book illustrator and designs for films.
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- Wincenty Drabik
Additional information: Famed expressionist scenographer, author af a number of stage designs to Shakespearean plays. (1881-1933)
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- Karol Frycz
Additional information: Famed scenographer, author of a number of stage designs to Shakespearean plays. (1887-1935)
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- Andrzej Pronaszko
Additional information: Famed cubistic scenographer, author of a number of stage designs to Shakespearean plays. (1888-1961)
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- Stanisław Bakowski
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- Andrzej Cybulski
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- Jan Dorman
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- Iwo Gall
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- Liliana Jankowska
Additional information: Born in 1931. She cooperates with the theatres in Kielce, Cracow and Lublin. She exposed at the PQ in 1967.
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- Marian Kolodziej
Additional information: Born in 1923. He studied stage design at the Academy of Fine Arts at Cracow. He works primarily at the Wybrzeže Theatre in Gdansk and collaborates with director Hanuszkiewicz at the National Theatre in Warsaw. Among his most important productions are The Merry Wives of Windsor, The History of the Rich Man and Lazar, The Undivine Comedy, Kordian.
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- Wiesław Lange
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- Zofia Pietrusińska
Additional information: Born in 1928. She studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. Between 1960 and 1968 she collaborated with the National Theatre in Warsaw and the H. Modrzejewska /Stary/ Old Theatre in Cracow. Her more important work includes stage designs for N.Gogol 's Government Inspector, directed by K. Dejmek at the Municipal Theatre in Essen in 1966} S. I. Witkiewicz' s The Water-hen, The Cuttle-fish, Jan Maciej Karol Wscieklica, all directed by W. Laskowska at the National Theatre in Warsaw; T. Rozewicz' s Left Home directed by W. Laskowska at the National Theatre in Warsaw in 1969; S. Przybyszewski' s Snow, directed by I. Gogolewski at the Drama Theatre in Warsaw; T. Rozewicz 's Mating, directed by W. Laskowska at the H. Modrzejewska Old Theatre in Cracow in 1972.
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- Teresa Ponińska
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- Henri Poulain
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- Andrzej Sadowski
Additional information: Born 1925 in Lwów. He works as a stage designer with number of drama theatres, the
Poznaň opera and the Chamber Opera in Warsaw. He lecturers at the Academy of Fine Arts
in Warsaw. He exhibited in the Prague Quadrennial 1967,1971 and 1975.
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- Marian Stańczak
- Maksymilian Szoc
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- Andrzej Wajda
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- Janusz Warpechowski
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- Iwona Zaborowska
Additional information: Born in 1928. She completed her studies at the College of Fine Arts in Łodž where she works for the New Theatre. Her important works are stage designs of the adaption of the novel by Andrzejewski The Shadows Cover the Ground by Dejmek, of the plays The Visit by Dürrenmatt and of Acropolis by Wyspiański, of Measure for Measure, Hamlet and Julius Caesar by Shakespeare.
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- Krystyna ZACHWATOWICZ-WAJDA (Krystyna Zachwatowicz)
Additional information: Born in 1930, graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow, where she specialized in stage design. She collaborates with theatres in Cracow and Wroclaw. Her most important stage designs include The Weddíng by Gombrowicz, Shakespeare's King Lear, A Midsummer Night's Dream, As You Like It, Ehrenburg's The Stormy Life of Lazik Rotschwanz, Krasinski's The Undivine Comedy, Witkiewicz's Mother and The November Dictum by Bryll. She has recently been working with directors A. Wajda and J. Jarocki.
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